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Decisions…Decisions…Love vs. Fear

“May your choices reflect your Hopes, not your Fears”- Nelson Mandela

One of our most valuable and unique capabilities as humans, is our ability to make decisions. It is a well- known fact that we make on average 35,000 decisions per day . We might or might not be fully conscious about it, but actually, our life is an accumulation of all those tiny decisions we are making in our daily affairs.

Knowing that, isn´t it of most relevance to question ourselves where is the source of our decision-making process and to which extent, our decisions are serving our true desires and purposes or actually, if our own decisions are playing against us?

According to Ramón Samsó (2019) we are never alone when we take decisions. We are always influenced by two main aspects of our lives: Our internal experience and our external experience. For most people, the external experience actually defines to a great extent the way they make decisions. As we were Children, our parents decided for us, at School, our Teachers decided for us, the Educational System decides what it is what is relevant and meaningful to learn and which methodology we should use; Society decides which type of citizens we should become. Everyone seems to have an opinion about what is a good decision or a bad decision and wants make it for us.

On the other side, our internal experience is our own interpretation of the World: Our thoughts, feelings and reactions to all the information and impressions we accumulate in our lives. Driven by those emotions towards what happens to us, is how we decide to move forward. However, there are fundamental forces behind every action and decision: Every minute of our lives, we are deciding based on Love or based on Fear. 

Decisions based on Fear

What is the meaning of Fear?

According to the Cambridge Dictionary (2019), Fear is “an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are frightened or worried by something dangerous, painful or bad, that it´s happening of might happen”.

We are social beings that want to feel accepted and to have a sense of belonging in our society. We all have craved for attention and recognition in one way or another. So, it is not a surprise that as the years pass by and we accumulate life experiences, we tend to make decisions that are “fitting” with our family, culture, religion and geographical place we are living in. Over time, we adopt those external expectations as if they were our own, and shape our Personality in a way that fits those expectations. However, when we make decisions based on adopted beliefs rather than based in our authentic desire, we develop a sense of anxiety and insecurity. To depend on external approval becomes the norm.

Since we cannot really control all the external situations that surround our life, we become afraid and try to overprotect ourselves by covering up, either by the urge of gathering more things to feel more secure (e.g. money, relationships, food, power, etc.) or by trying to gain influence through people. As the Indian Mystic Sadhguru (2018) says “The whole need to conquer comes from the fear of losing yourself. The very need to conquer something or somebody has come to you because there is a deep fear of losing yourself on many levels (…) You feel so inadequate that you feel that the very way you were created is not enough(…)”.

One of the most common ways to express inadequacy is by saying to ourselves that we have many “Problems”. What constitutes a problem? If you ask a person on the street: Could you tell me what are your problems? It will be very likely that the list will be enormous- “Now that you ask, actually, I have so many problems. The weather is not good, I have so much stress at work, my husband does not listen to me, my children are not doing their housework…” and so the list will be endless. In the eyes of the person, all his/her “Problems” come from the outside. Everyone else is creating a problem for him/her. The size of the problem, is directly proportional to the degree of emotional attachment with the external persons and situations. By feeling that the “Problem” is not in their own control as they attribute it to the external happenings, the “Problems” tend to look bigger than themselves, thus enhancing this feeling of “I´m not enough, I´m a little person in this vast world”.

Now, the million-dollar question: How to overcome this feeling sensation of not being enough? How many times you have wanted to do something, but you were unable to act?

When we talk about desire, we talk about that need we have, an anxiety to acquire or achieve something in particular. It is at the end, a way to enhance ourselves. The problem is when this desire has sprung up from the wrong identifications, which are our limited beliefs. 

Still, there is another way to express desire. There is a more positive and powerful energy, that does not have the boundaries that the fear has. Its energy has no limits and no preconditions. It is so powerful that it is the vital presence that holds everything alive. That force of energy is called Love.

Decisions based on Love

What would it feel like if you would base your decisions on Love?

What means actually Love for you? If we try to find a definition of Love in the dictionary, we find that no definition is really complete. How can you define a force with no boundaries, with our human language, which has many boundaries?

As the American Cosmologist Carl Sagan said: “For small creatures such as we the vastness is bearable only through Love.” Love is the force that drives life and which is basically present in anything and anywhere. Love is the very essence of our beings. Therefore, when we say we take decisions based on Love, we are listening to our inner intuition. Our inner Nature which tell us in whispers what is Real for us. Another interesting definition used by Gerald Jampolsy: “Love is the total absence of fear. Love asks no questions. It´s natural state is one of extension and expansion, not comparison and measurement”.

How do you know when you have made a decision based on Love?

When you take decisions based on Love, you don´t fear any outcome. You don´t judge beforehand if the consequences are good or bad. You trust and enjoy the process, even if the result might be unknown. This might sound strange and even unrealistic to some people, especially if you have grown up in a Culture that values results over process, or experiences. However, if we think about it: To which extent this kind of belief has helped us move forward in our aspirations? When we just value results, and not the process, the fear of failure becomes a great player in the game.

We want results, quick and with the less margin of errors as possible. This is not only unrealistic, but also very stressful. So many people prefer and decide to play small. Think conventionally, make few mistakes, and follow the most transited path. Love is still there, because Love it´s the very source of your existence, although it´s not flowing on it´s full and beautiful expression through you when you are unaware of it, being busy thinking about fear. In a place where fear exist, Love has less space to manifest. To Love is to Trust. To Trust everything: life, situations, other people and more importantly, yourself. Trust is to open yourself to life, to the outside and to everything. Show your vulnerability and embrace it. There is a popular saying that summarizes this beautifully: “To love at all is to be vulnerable”.

So, how do we know that we have made a decision based on Love?

  • It felt like an intuition that came from the inside, and not from the outside (i.e. family, friends, an expert, the news, etc.)
  • It feels right for you
  • It´s something meaningful for you
  • You feel happy when you think about it (even if it scares you a bit)
  • It shakes your world, by stretching your boundaries and making you grow
  • You don’t care about the result or the end, and you are more excited about the journey
  • You enjoy doing it
  • What matters is the effect the decision will have in other people/in the world and not only about getting benefits for yourself.

A thoughtful reflection by the great author Brené Brown (2018), which challenges our course of choice when done over fear and not over Love : “We fail the minute we let someone else define success for us. Like many of you, I spent too many years taking on projects and even positions, to prove I could do it. I was driven by a definition of success that didn´t reflect who I am, what I want or what brings me Joy. It was simply accomplish, acquire, collapse, repeat. There was little Joy, very little meaning (…) lots of exhaustion and resentment”.

At the end, the biggest gift of life when we are on the path of deciding every moment of our lives with Love rather than fear, is the amazing realization of the kind of person we are becoming: Strong, resilient, courageous, full of Love. Nelson Mandela said it very wisely: “In my life, I became to the realization that the real courage is not about not having fear, but in being able to overcome it when acting in the name of Justice, Generosity and Love”.

And you, what do you choose?

Reflections

  1. Do you make decisions based on the “must” or in the “want”?
  2. How do you feel at the end of your day?
  3. How often do you choose your intuition over your rationality?
  4. What is the worst and the best that can happen, if you decide do what you Love the most?
  5. When you take a decision, do you think of yourself as the only beneficiary?
  6. If you had no limits, what would you be doing with your Life right now?
Attention and Effort: How would you recognise bias in your decision making?

It never stops to amaze me the brilliant human mind. As I grow older and go through life, I always wondered how we are able to make decisions in our daily lives. We make thousands of decisions on a regular day, sometimes we are able to make them fast, in a fraction of a second, and other times, we need to go through a rigorous process of self-reflection, involving as well other people; We research and look for all available sources of information that we can process in order reach a meaningful decision.

What is going on inside our minds while we are processing all this information? Do we use the same mental faculties when we do fast and slow decisions?

I heard it many times. This advice is out there everywhere…you get it from books, movies, entrepeneurs, leaders, church, family and colleagues… use your intuition and use it fast! it NEVER lies!

I believe in intuition and its power but then, why so many people who trusted in their initial intuition failed at their jobs, marriages, business ideas, you name it? Where is this intuition coming from? how do we differentiate an intuition from the automatic impulses of the brain retrieving memories of the past, connecting them together to build a clearer mental picture of the situation and taking the decision based on the past self experience on it?

Can we really trust our intuition as professionals, when making decisions at work?  Are we really consciously and deliberately looking for the best possible solution to a problem, or is our mind generally more lazy and prefers to go with that gut feeling, trusting that we have enough capability and experience to reach an important decision?

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Interestingly enough, Economists somehow have often neglected the «intuition» factor and for many decades, the Max Weber´s theory of Rationality has been widely used to explain and model the social and economic behaviour with the main premise that an individual has definite preferences among a series of alternatives  where –  by using  the available information, probabilities and events available – would then act consistently in chosing the best decision.

Rationality has been used as a main assumption and it has been the most used cost-effective method for decision making  and policy making in a range of fields like Political Science, Business, Philosophy and Sociology. This theory, assumes that people make choices to maximize their happiness or utility and they choose them consciously and using their logical reason; it is the sum of choices made by individuals what makes the total «behaviour» more predictable.

Daniel Kahneman, winner of the Nobel Prize for Economics and the author of the famous book «Thinking Fast and Slow», together with Amos Tversky, are one of the main critics of the Rationality theory and in 1979 they released the «Prospect Theory» approach, which states that people mainly make choices by adding weights to the alternatives depending on the level of risk they assign and the sense of gains and loses. Certain biases in our thinking are then created because often the fear of regret or loss  predominates – a hurtful emotion-and this plays a big role in influencing the outcome of the decision.

In order to better explain what is going on in our minds when confronted with a situation that requires a decision,  Kahneman introduces us in his book to two characters that «live» inside our minds: System 1 which is the one that is in touch with our daily happenings, and the one that continually interprets our current «reality» by constructing a coherent interpretation on what is happening in our lives, and System 2, which mainly deals with the effortful mental activities that demand increased attention, like for example when trying to solve a complex mathematical problem. This two «Systems » are of course fictitious characters, but on this way, it makes it easier for us to recognise the two main functions of our thinking.

So what are the main functions of our «System 1»?

  • Generates impressions, beliefs and inclinations
  • operates quickly and automatically
  • creates a coherent pattern of ideas that are in our associative memory
  • neglects ambiguity and surpasses doubt
  • focus on existing evidence and forgets absent evidence
  • is loss averse: responds more strongly when losing than when winning something

System 2 operations are more effortful but one of its main characteristics is laziness, therefore it will be reluctant to invest more effort than strictly necessary. Activities that impose high demands on System 2 require a high degree of self-control, and self-control can be for many exhaustive and unpleasant, so our mind tries to avoid it. Therefore is evident that in our daily undertakings, we tend to use much more our System 1 than our System 2, exposing ourselves to many bias in our thinking than we are actually aware of.

Some of the main biases that we experience in our daily and professional lives, identified by Kahneman and Tversky are:

Planning fallacy: This one is very common in business. This is related to the phenomenon of taking false predictions of the estimated time it will take to complete a specific task. This is often the result of overconfidence in knowing results on similar projects due to past experience and overestimation of actual tasks versus estimate at completion. The subsequent effects are, as project managers well know, an overrun plan often leads to sunk costs and benefit shortfalls.

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Photo from Pexels.com

Priming effect: Mechanism of association between words, concepts, feelings and situations. Most of the time, people is not really aware that their actions are influenced by events  that they associate in their memories unconsciously. (e.g. Think about BANANA and VOMIT… did you temporarily felt a rejection of eating a Banana right now?) this is a great tool for Marketers!

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Cognitive illusions: Illusions of thought and the famous Müller-Lyer illusion. What do you see? is the horizontal line on the bottom longer than the one on the top?

MullerIllusion

Illusions of remembering and illusions of truth:  The Psychologist Larry Jacoby describes this phenomena in great words » The experience of familiarity has a simple but powerful quality of ‘pastness’ that seems to indicate that it is a direct reflection of prior experience». Something to watch out for, is that this is an effective way to make people believe in false information via frequent repetition, because often familiarity is not easily distinguished from the truth.

We deliberately look for causes and intentions: Our brains don’t like the randomness of life, therefore, we are looking automatically for causes and explanations that make sense, and this often shapes our thinking about certain situations.

What you see is all there is: As our brain capacities to retrieve information are finite, we look consistency in the information we have available in order to make a good story of a situation, regardless of its completeness.  Combining limited information with cognitive ease (i.e. familiarity), make our story come across as true. This is mainly why according to Kahneman, we are able to think fast and how we make sense of our complex world with only partial information.

Overconfidence:  The level of confidence that a person has in their beliefs relies on the level of quality of the stories and how well they explain what they see, even if what they see is just very limited information.

 

Framing effects: Different ways of showing information can change our decision and how we think about a situation. (e.g. if you are on diet, and you see two products, one saying » 80% fat-free» and the other saying «contains 20%  fat»   you will most likely  choose the first one even if the information is exactly the same). A similar situation can happen when  you see two advertisements; one with bold letters and one with blurry or small letters. Because the brain can pick up more quickly the bold letters, you will refer this statement as true as compared to the other.

Substitution and heuristics: When we are asked a particular difficult question like: How happy are you now? our mind substitutes this question with something like «What is my mood right now? For our mind, it is easier to generate quick answers by replacing the difficult question with a simpler one without making our lazy System 2 work too hard.

This story becomes more interesting, when you add the phenomenon of «intensity matching» to the equation. If you would put a dollar value to the intensity of your feelings, you will probably be willing to spend more money on things that will increase the feeling of being in a good mood which will increase your belief that you are becoming more happy with that transaction.

Affect heuristics: Judgements and decisions are directly guided by feelings of liking and disliking with little deliberation or reasoning. This is easily observable in the political scene. It is very likely that your political preference determines which arguments you find more compelling. If System 2 would enter into the picture, you would have to do a thorough research of all arguments, make comparisons, build probabilistic scenarios and choose the most «rational» argument regardless of the candidate.

Sampling and «Small numbers» effect: In the professional and scientific worlds, we know for a fact that when doing research, larger samples are more reliable than smaller samples. However, in our daily life, we tend to ignore the sample size and let our intuitive mind make a conclusion. If you read a business report that says:  «Out of a questionnaire made with 200 young customers, 80% loved our product». Your immediate interpretation would be that the product is successful among Millennials. You could change the number to 2,000 or 20,000 and you would probably remain indifferent, because you are more interested in the story you just interpreted from the statement and less conscious about the sample size.

Availability and affect: What is it more likely to happen, that a person dies by having diabetes or by a car accident?

In a famous study made by Paul Slovic, Sara Lichtenstein and Baruch Fischhoff, and cited by Kahneman, revealed that public perceptions of risks were heavily influenced by media coverage. In our previous example, death by accidents was judged to be 300 more likely than death by diabetes; however the death by diabetes is actually 4 times bigger! Of course, you hear more often about car accidents in the media than from episodes of death by diabetes.

Our perceptions of risk and our limited ability to deal with small risks makes us either ignore the risk all together, or put too much attention on it. This results in that we are often prone to exaggerate the consistency of coherence of what we see!

So, how can we detect which situations make us more susceptible to «go with the flow» in System 1 mode rather than activate a more conscious  System 2 approach?

  • When we are multitasking
  • when we are in a good mood because of a thought of a happy experience
  • when we possess a moderate knowledge about a specific topic but this is the area we have more experience, so we trust our knowledge gained instead of asking true experts
  • when we are naturally inclined to believe our faith and intuitions
  • when we are made feel powerful or important

Does that mean that we have to be in an alert and depressive mode all the time to make better decisions?  Should we ignore our faith and gut feeling?

Is there really «no cure» for our biased thinking?

If subjective confidence is not to be trusted, how can we evaluate the validity of a judgement?

According to research done by Gary Klein, the higher the unpredictability of the events to forecast, the more the failures we tend to make.  So when we acquire sufficient skill in an environment  that is sufficiently regular to be predictable and if we get the chance to learn the skill under prolonged practice in this predictable environment, it will reduce significantly the probability of biases and mistakes. The gut feeling can be generally trusted, when it is done in an environment that has been thoroughly studied and where we know we have sufficient knowledge and capability to respond in that specific environment.

It is important that we learn to take a better self-control and maintain an alert mind to potential biases when doing important decisions at work and in our daily lives in general. If we pick the wrong choice in an unpredictable environment, most likely our learning experiences will be also biased.

Although it is inevitable that we fall in the trap of our own bias, which are invading our conscious mind everyday, there are some things that can be done to improve the way we make decisions:

  • Keep a critical mindset. Even if you are an expert in your area, make an effort to  verify and validate all possible information available
  • avoid relying in the past to look for solutions. Most of the times, those solutions are already obsolete. Focus on opening new alternatives and envision the Future
  • forget about the «Sunk costs»- They are gone! Don´t stay in a failed project, bad marriage or bad job because of the «Investment done so far»- Move on!
  • be humble, and open to new ideas and perspectives
  • try to look for a collective decision-making, even if it takes more time,when very important decisions have to me made and where many people will be affected by the outcome
  • if you have a strong belief or intuition, try to find sustainable information  supporting your belief, before making the decision
  • avoid the temptation to be «right» at all times and stay true to the facts

Biases in our decisions does not affect our intelligence. Most of our actions and judgements we make are appropriate most of the time, but being aware of the existing conscious bias and acting upon them will definitely increase the quality of your decisions!

«Thinking is the highest and most powerful faculty given to Humans» B.Proctor